Z-Score[Z得分] （Edward I. Altman）

知识中心

Edward Altman的Z得分公式（Z-Score Formula）是一个多变量财务公式，用以衡量一个公司的财务健康状况，并对公司在2年内破产的可能性进行诊断与预测。 研究表明该公式的预测准确率高达72% - 80%。
 

纽约大学斯特恩商学院教授、金融经济学家Edward I. Altman博士于1968年发明了Z得分公式。
 

Z得分公式的构成

根据Altman，Z得分运用5个常用的商业比率作为破产预测因子，经过一定的加权， 最后计算得出公司破产的可能性。 该公式最初的应用对象是制造业企业，后经过一定的调整，也同样适用于服务性企业。

Z得分结果分析

如何对Z得分结果进行判断？ 取决于：

• 原始的Z得分[针对公共制造企业]：如果Z得分大于等于3.0，则企业不可能破产。 如果Z得分小于等于1.8，则企业很可能破产。 比分在1.8 - 3.0 之间，是灰色区域。 企业Z得分在此范围内的话，则一年内的破产可能性为95%，两年内的破产可能性为70%。 很显然，Z得分越高，企业越不可能破产。
• 模型A的Z得分[针对私营制造企业]：主要适用于私营制造企业， 而不能应用于其他类型的公司。 如果Z得分大于等于2.90，企业则不可能破产。 如果Z得分小于低于1.23，企业则很可能破产。 Z得分在1.23 - 2.90之间的企业，一年内破产的可能性是95%，两年内破产的可能性是70%。 很显然，Z得分越高，企业越不可能破产。
• 模型B的Z得分[针对私营一般性公司]：这一版本的Z得分主要是用来预测私营的非制造业企业在1-2年内破产的可能性， 所以模型B的Z得分只适用于私营的一般性公司， 而不能应用于其他类型的公司。 如果Z得分大于等于2.60，企业则不可能破产；如果Z得分小于等于1.10，企业则很有可能破产。 1.10 - 2.60之间为灰色区域， Z得分在1.23 - 2.90之间的企业，一年内破产的可能性是95%，两年内破产的可能性是70%。 模型B亦说明，对于企业来说，Z得分越高越好。

Z得分的计算公式，请参见右图。 需要说明的是，公式针对公共企业与私营企业要作相应的调整和变更。

参考书： John B. Caouette， Edward I. Altman， Paul Narayanan - Managing Credit Risk

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专家提示 关于Z-Score (Altman)（英语）的高级见解。在这里，您将找到专家的专业建议。 ZETA Model Bankruptcy Prediction The ZETA Model, also developed by Altman et al. (1977), is a more refined bankruptcy prediction model. The predictive ac (...) Altman�s Z-Score in Performance Management Performance Management and Value-based Management Altman�s Z-Score has been very influential in areas such as credit risk analysis, distressed investing, Mergers & Acquis (...)

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