All 3 Elements in Expectancy Theory are Mandatory

All 3 Elements in Expectancy Theory are Mandatory

Will your employee work hard for a raise?
Of course management science is not mathematics. But a consequence that should not be overlooked of Vroom's formula M = V * E * I is that even if only one of the 3 elements is zero, the resulting motivation (M) force and level will also be zero!
So if your employee either does not care about obtaining a raise at all (Valence=0) OR believes his hard work will not result in a better performance (Expectancy=0) OR thinks it is very unlikely that the organization will ever appreciate and reward his performance (Instrumentality=0), in any of these 3 cases his motivational level/force will be zero.

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		2 Mark, USA
	Vroom Theory of Motivation I agree with Editor's observation. The fact that any one element can be zero will result in a Motivational Force of zero. Regardless of choice, motivation, or behavior, management will be unable to align expectations and confidence levels (expectancy), management will be unable to move in a direction of emotional orientation (valence), and/or satisfy individual perceptions surrounding the organization (instrumentality).

		0 Dan, USA
	Vroom Theory of Motivation Excellent observation, Editor! Thank you for pointing out the significance of ensuring all elements ... Sign up

		0 Inna Borodina Russian Federation
	Calculating Motivation To make a forecast: Value area motivation (m): m<0 & m >0. Legacy positives motivation (m+) and n... Sign up