To Hawthorne or not to Hawthorne?
The Hawthorne effect was a clean break at the time it was observed for the first time. Since then, humanity has made some progress in understanding cognitive and emotive functioning.
What I would like to mention, is that it took
a "theory" for people to understand the obvious: when you feel good, you work good. That's law number one of management for me.
To "feel good", a human being needs to be satisfied by his work. The work he accomplishes must satisfy his needs. Security-wise, socially, intellectually, etc... Once this is done, productivity will increase.
Here comes the truth: motivating employees is based on a common agreement, a deal. A deal between an employee that knows what he needs and clearly demands it, and an employer that can fulfill those needs. If this deal can't happen then he will look for a new job.