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Types of Crises: Sudden / Smoldering
Martin Caldwell
In a recent paper, Erika Hayes James and Lynn Perry Wooten distinguish between:
1. SUDDEN CRISES (Natural disasters, Terrorist attack, Plan explosion, Workplace violence, Product tampering, Sabotage, Hostile Takeover, Excutive kidnapping, Environmental spill, Technology dusruption) and
2. SMOLDERING CRISES (Product defects, Rumors/scandals, workplace safety, Bribery, Sexual harassment, Consumer activism, Mismanagement, Whistle blowing, Class action lawsuits and Labor disputes).
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