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Four Stages of CSR-implementation (Martinuzzi and Krumay)
Anneke Zwart, Student (University), Netherlands
Martinuzzi and Krumay (2013) mention four stages of Corporate Social Responsibility implementation. Each of these stages reflects a business operation in which CSR can be integrated. The 4 CSR stages are ranked on the effect on competitiveness that each kind of CSR-implementation has: the first stage has the smallest impact and the last stage has the biggest impact on the competitive advantage of an organization:
1. Project-oriented CSR: Organizations can approach CSR by starting projects which are socially and environmentally responsible. The aim is to “do good” and set up projects in order to achieve their goals. Projects typically do not affect the whole organization, but only the project. Furthermore, they often have a short or limited duration and in bad times most companies will cancel these kinds of activities quickly.
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