3 Types of Bureaucracies according to Ward Gouldner

3 Types of Bureaucracies according to Ward Gouldner

This article reminded me of an article about sociologist Alvin Ward Gouldner (1920-1980), who distinguished between:

• The Mock Bureaucracy (failure to enforce and obey rules)
• The Punishment-centered Bureaucracy (rules are enforced by management but are resisted by workers)
• The Representative Bureaucracy (rules are enforced by management and obeyed by workers).

Book: 'Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy'.