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Groupthink
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Consensus-seeking tendency in groups. Explanation of Groupthink of Irving Janis. ('72) |
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Irving Janis developed a study on group decision-making, called Groupthink Theory. It is based on human social behavior, in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is regarded more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner. Janis gave the following definition of Groupthink:
What is Groupthink? DefinitionA mode of thinking of people when they are deeply involved in a cohesive group. When the members' strivings for unanimity, override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.
Groupthink is a result of cohesiveness in groups, already discussed by Lewin in the 1930s and is an important factor to consider in decision processes, such as workshops, meetings, conferences, committees, etc.
Certain Conditions are conducive to Groupthink
Negative consequences of Groupthink
Preventing Groupthink
Typical symptoms of GroupthinkJanis listed eight symptoms that show that concurrence seeking has led the group in the wrong direction. The first two stem from overconfidence in the group's powers. The next pair reflect the tunnel vision members use to view the problem. The final four are signs of strong conformity pressure within the group.
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Compare with Groupthink: Spiral of Silence | Core Group Theory | Team Management Profile | Six Thinking Hats | Delphi Method | Metaplan | Contingency Theory | Framing | Levels of Culture | Culture Types | Changing Organization Cultures | Competing Values Framework | Brainstorming | Spiral Dynamics | Whole Brain Model | Analogical Strategic Reasoning
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